The Invisible Pulley in Fly Casting — FFI Continuing Education and Spey Casting Fundamentals

Instruction — March 25, 2011 — 5 min read — Updated June 9, 2026

The Invisible Pulley in Fly Casting — FFI Continuing Education and Spey Casting Fundamentals

The invisible pulley is Al Buhr's language for understanding where force is accented in the fly casting stroke — rod in power followed by rod out of power. This simple concept opens up the full range of fly casting motions including circles, figure-eights, and oval casting by clarifying when and where energy is directed versus when the rod is simply repositioning. Mac Brown learned this concept from Al Buhr around 2008 and has used it in FFI continuing education programs and instructor clinics since. The concept of FFI continuing education itself was developed by Mac Brown and David Lambert around 1995 at the Southeastern FFI Conclave at Callaway Gardens — it has since become standard at FFI conclaves globally.

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The Invisible Pulley in Fly Casting — FFI Continuing Education and Spey Casting Fundamentals

The Invisible Pulley in Fly Casting — FFI Continuing Education and Spey Casting Fundamentals

The Fly Fishing Northwest FFI Expo in Albany, OR was a great event! I left Bryson at about 3:00 AM on the 8th and drove one of the curviest highways in the country—the Tail of the Dragon on US 129—to the Knoxville airport. I didn't pass another car until the town of Maryville, TN. There were many large groups of whitetail on the road, and one cougar leaped across the road in Stecoah Valley on Highway 28. The drive was full of wildlife at 3:30 in the morning along Fontana Lake, with the band “New Grass Revival” turned up loud and a thermos of java for the road! It may not work for everyone, but that definitely keeps me awake.

After a long flight to Portland, OR, it all went by way too fast. It always seems to go that way when you're around a bunch of great casting folks who love to fish! Right after we touched down, my friend Al Buhr picked me up at PDX. We headed across the river to see Tim Rajeff and check out Rajeff Sports. He quickly grabbed a bunch of rods and put them on a machine so we could check out the strain and where they broke.

I picked up an Echo Gecko rod for my five-year-old Connor. The MPR extender (mini practice rods) that turns it into a two-handed rod will be fun to play with indoors. I also grabbed a new instructor rod that's bright white in color, which I plan to use for camera work. Tim will be out here for the SE Conclave in Helen, GA toward the end of April, which will be great!

Intruder Paradise with Fly Tying

The tying tables were loaded with salmon and chrome tyers creating super flashy flies. There were many varieties of Intruders for the winter steelhead run. The tube fly revolution is big in the area. Many great tiers from around the Northwest were there, and it was wonderful to catch up with some old friends and meet new ones too! The tubes around here offer many advantages overall. I like the idea of not having to waste loads of extra hooks and tungsten on patterns.

I also met Dave Dozer at the show, who makes wonderful bamboo rods. I had fun trying out many of the various actions on the casting pond with Mary Ann Dozer. I'll try to get some pictures of the classes up in the coming days too! Thanks to Dwight Klemmin and Al Buhr for making it all happen over the weekend. It was great seeing so many familiar faces at the expo!

Continuing Education Class for Casting Instructors

The continuing education class on Sunday was great but went by way too fast. The Continuing Education for the FFI was an idea that David Lambert and I came up with around 1995. You can cover many topics when you get that many great casters together. After the class, I got a wonderful introduction to Spey casting the two-handed rod out on the pond from Whitney Gould. It was great overall, though I quickly learned how awkward my bottom hand was for making casts! It will take a lot of work for this to become a natural and consistent flow for me. Whitney taught me where these ideal positions should be for the overall stroke, but I found it difficult to make them all come together at once!

Spey Casting in the Northwest

While the dynamics are essentially identical between single and double-handed casting, I found the two-handed stroke to be a great lesson in humility! It made me feel like a beginner all over again, since my body wasn't in the correct positions during the casting stroke because it was new to me. The bottom hand plays a large role in setting everything up because it has to flow into the correct position. Just like tracking issues with single-hand casting, the double-handed rod has to be ingrained in your motor skills throughout the stroke.

I'm looking forward to the practice sessions in the coming months! The mini Spey sessions at home have been a blast as I switch my hands around. I can see big payoffs from doing this on the water down the road, depending on the severity of wind and obstacles.

pantomime-casting-motion
Pantomime Casting Motion Demo @theflyfishingshow

 

Invisible Pulley and Fly Casting

The class covered one of the secrets of fly casting, which I call “Understanding the Invisible Pulley”. In fly casting, we direct energy for either a cast or a setup for the placement of the line. The pulley concept is one I use to explain where we accent the force for either one. Most new fly casters spend all of their time throwing line. Casting a loop is different than throwing a ball to direct energy. The circles and figure-eight motions used in fly casting can take advantage of varied power. Use your imagination of the invisible pulley: rod in power followed by rod out of power. I learned this language from my friend Al Buhr around 2008. northwest ffi expo albany

This is no doubt language for the poets! The engineers remain baffled how the rod can be in motion and be out of power! Remember, it's all about intent. We accent varying amounts of force when making casts—actually, various throttle positions for accelerating the rod. This simple concept opens up a myriad of opportunities for fly casting. It also places your rod position during the ebb and flow of motion to be in the correct setup. I'll use the same outline that we presented in Oregon for the SE Conclave in Helen, GA for the continuing education program toward the end of April.

 

Tags

al buhrdave dozerifff continuing educationNorthwest IFFF Conclaverajeff sportsspey castingTim Rajeffwhitney gould

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the invisible pulley concept in fly casting?

The invisible pulley is a teaching concept developed by Al Buhr for understanding where force is accented during the fly casting stroke — rod in power when the casting stroke is actively generating the loop, rod out of power when the rod is repositioning for the next stroke. Most new fly casters spend all their time throwing line — the invisible pulley concept shifts understanding from throwing to directing energy. It explains how circles, figure-eights, and oval casting motions use varying throttle positions for different casting results.

Who developed FFI continuing education for casting instructors?

Mac Brown and David Lambert developed the concept of FFI continuing education for casting instructors around 1995 at the Southeastern FFI Conclave at Callaway Gardens in Georgia. The format — bringing certified casting instructors together to share advanced knowledge and techniques — has since become standard at FFI conclaves globally. Mac Brown continues to present at FFI continuing education events nationally, including the Northwest FFI Expo and the Southeastern FFI Conclave.

Is Spey casting fundamentally different from single-hand fly casting?

No — the dynamics are essentially identical between single and double-handed casting. The physics of loop formation, rod loading, line speed, and tracking all apply equally. The challenge is that the bottom hand plays a large role in setting up the stroke correctly — a new motor pattern that must be ingrained before it becomes natural. Mac Brown describes his first Spey session as a great lesson in humility — feeling like a beginner all over again despite decades of single-hand casting mastery.

What are tube flies and why are they popular for steelhead and salmon?

Tube flies are tied on hollow tubes rather than conventional hooks — allowing the hook to be replaced independently of the fly body, reducing waste when hooks dull or break. They also allow the hook to swing freely during the fight, improving hook-up and landing percentages. The tube fly revolution is particularly strong in the Pacific Northwest for winter steelhead and salmon fishing — where large Intruder-style patterns on tubes offer advantages in both material efficiency and fish-fighting performance.

Where can I learn fly casting from an FFI-certified instructor in the Southeast?

Mac Brown Fly Fish in Bryson City, NC offers private fly casting lessons, the Fly Casting Mastery Workshop, and the week-long Fly Fishing Guide School — led by Mac Brown, the only FFI Master Casting Instructor in North Carolina and a national presenter at FFI conclaves and The Fly Fishing Show since 1994. Online lessons available worldwide via FaceTime, Zoom, or Skype at $400 per session.

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